Browsing by Author "Jorquera, Doris"
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Item Análisis de los desechos recolectados en cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Antártica(1994) Torres, Daniel; Jorquera, DorisSe presenta un breve análisis sobre los desechos hallados y recolectados en cabo Shirreff (62°27'S., 600 47'W.), isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Antártica, durante las temporadas de 1984-85,1987-88 y 1990-91, postulándose que tales restos provendrían principalmente de las flotas que operaron en las zonas de pesca de FAO (48, 58 Y 88), en especial durante los años de auge, sin descartar los sectores de interés pesquero vecinos al Océano Austral. La composición de los 1.364 artículos del total recolectado correspondió a plástico (96,1%), metal (2,6%), papel (0,9%) y vidrio (0,4%). El material sintético estuvo compuesto principalmente por zunchos, cuerdas de perlón, trozos de redes y restos o trozos de boyas, además de envases con capacidad que varió entre 0,25 mi y 25 l. Los zunchos y otros materiales plásticos están causando daño a los lobos finos. Algunas aves que nidifican en el lugar han comenzado a usar fibras plásticas en la contrucción de sus nidos. Al respecto, se cita la medida específica que tiende a restringir el uso de los zunchos plásticos en aguas antárticas.Item Beach Debris survey at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, during the Antarctic season 1996/97(1997) Torres, Daniel; Jorquera, Doris; Vallejos, Verónica; Hucke-Gaete, Rodrigo; Zárate, SergioDuring the Antarctic season 1996/97 a beach debris survey was carried out on the beaches of Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, where a total of 1,609 artieles were collected, with an accumulated weight of 49.03 kg. Besides, from a neighbouring area of Cape Shirreff, 178 plastic pieces were collected to avoid that this material may enter the site during storms and windy weather. As it occurred in all previous seasons with monitoring activities, plastic was the main stranded item (n=1,517) with 94.3%, followed by glass (n=67) with 4.2%; metal (n=19) 1.2%; and paper (n=6) 0,4%. Of plastic items used in fisheries a total of 421 artieles were collected (strapping bands=207, ropes=205, and net pieces=9). The total density of marine debris collected on the site has increased from 0.65 articles/m2 in 1993/94 to 1.02 in 1994/95, 1.52 in 1995/96, and diminished to 0.46 in 1996/97. For the first time it was observed an important presence of pieces ofexpanded polyestirene (EP) (n=708) with 46.7% with respect to the total figure of 1,517 plastic artieles collected. This situation leads us to think that this material may proceed from logistic operations, because many of those pieces present cavities similar to those provided to protect some electronic apparatus. This is a fact against to Annex V of the Protocol, and to the Code of Conduct prepared by SCAR, because it is forbiden to take into the Convention area this kind of synthetic material. Several plastic pieces (n=15) show evidence of having been partially burnt. This situation provides the possibility to infer that the ashes produced in incinerators may also have been disposed into the sea, as it was reported in previous seasons. If so, this is a continuous proof of an action contrary to the international agreements related to protection of the sea and its biota. Some plastic fibres continue to appear in sorne nests of Larus dominicanus (kelp gull), and Chionis alba (sheathbill). Two specimens of Arctocephalus gazella (Antarctic fur seal) were seen entangled with plastic fibres, which were removed from the animals after being inmobilized with a piece of net obtained from the stranded garbage. It is expected that the new and complementary activities to the Conservation Measures adopted by CCAMLR, such as teaching and didactic material to be prepared for crews of several kind of ships which operate in the Southern Ocean and adjacent waters, may have a positive effect in diminishing the impact caused by man-made marine debris. As a future international issue, related to the protection and conservation of the sea and biota, to be kept in mind by shipbuilders and naval engineers, it is proposed to inelude in the working drawing a specific and adequate hold of a ship where the classified garbage produced on board can be stored, with the respective compartments with the international colour for plastic, glass, cans, paper, and other kinds of elean debris, with the purpose of being disembarked in all international ports, especially in those with appropriate facilities to receive and manage that kind of waste. Meanwhile, it is suggested that at present times, companies and owners of Antarctic fleets and ships, make an effort to accomodate on board a specific container to store the garbage produced in order to disembark it adequately in each port, if possible, outside the Convention area. The amount of garbage produced and disembarked would be a matter to be ineluded in the respective logbooks.Item Línea de base para el seguimiento de los desechos marinos en cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Antártica(1995) Torres, Daniel; Jorquera, DorisComo una actividad complementaria a los estudios sobre la población de Arctocephalus gazella en cabo Shirreff y con el propósito de establecer una linea de base para las futuras investigaciones sobre registros de desechos marinos, se realizó una remoción casi total de los residuos sólidos varados allí recientemente y los de otros años, aprovechando el deshielo ocurrido en enero de 1994 que dejó al descubierto todo el litoral del cabo. Aunque el total de desechos se estimó en 600 kg, al considerar algunos elementos de gran volumen y peso que fueron dejados en el lugar; sólo fue posible retirar del área 1.754 objetos recolectados desde las 36 playas del cabo, totalizando 248,29 kg. Para transportar y acopiar todo el material en el sitio, ubicando las posibles vías en el mapa del cabo, se evaluó el uso de un pequeño vehículo, considerando para ello lo establecido en el Protocolo de Protección al Medio Ambiente Antártico, y las excepciones mencionadas en el Plan de Administración del SEIC N°32 y en el del Sitio CEMP. Como sucedió en otros estudios previos realizados en el lugar; los desechos marinos estaban compuestos por plásticos y fibras sintéticas (92%), metal (3,5%), vidrio (3,4%) y papel (1,1%). En estos residuos se pudo identificar lugar de elaboración o marcas registradas de Australia, Canadá, Chile, Corea, Estados Unidos y Grecia, las que se suman a las señaladas en otros trabajos efectuados en el mismo lugar; procedentes de Alemania, Argentina, Brasil, China, Inglaterra, Japón, Noruega, Polonia y Rusia.Item Monitoring results of marine debris at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, during the Antarctic season 1995/96(1996) Torres, Daniel; Jorquera, DorisThe principal results of the monitoring survey on marine debris carried out at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, during the Antarctic season 1995/96 are given. During the present survey a total of 4,251 articles with a total weight of 65.8 kg were obtained. As it occurred in previous seasons, plastic was the principal item (4,015 pieces) with a 94.45%; followed by glass (147 pieces), 3.46%; metal (77 pieces), 1.81%; and paper (12 pieces), with a 0.28%. From plastic item, those used in fisheries were 1,195 articles (strapping bands and net pieces). The total density of marine debris collected on the site have increased from 0.65 articles/m2 in 1993/94 to 1.02 in 1994/95, and 1.52 in 1995/96. Some Larus dominicanus, Chionis alba, and Pygoscelis antarctica continue using some plastic fibres to build their nests. On the other hand, four specimens of Arctocephalus gazella were observed with neck collars: two juveniles, and two three month old pups. All these animals were immobilized in order to take their neck collars off; after that they were released. As it occurred in the Antarctic season 1994/95, several plastic pieces (51) show evidences of having been processed into incinerators before been thrown into the water. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the ashes produced may have been also disposed into the sea. If so, it would be an action against the international agreements about protection of the sea. Upon this basis, it is suggested that CCAMLR may produce a booklet with didactic information and guidelines about basical and fundamental actions to be taken especially on board of fishing ships in order to avoid marine pollution with garbage produced on board, as well as to be used for teaching activities by captains, and chiefs of fishery crews before embarking. This would be a complement to present CCAMLR actions and Conservation Measures on the avoidance of incidental mortality of Antarctic marine animals.